• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An on-board electrical system or a vehicle comprises:. a first rechargeable constant voltage source (12),. a second rechargeable constant voltage source (14),. a circuit breaker device (16) between the first constant voltage source (12) and the second constant voltage source (14) with a first circuit breaker (18) and with a second circuit breaker (20), wherein each circuit breaker (18, 20) permits the flow of current between its input terminal (E, E) and its output terminal (Ai, A) in both directions in a conductor state and permits the flow of current from the input. terminal (E, E) to the output terminal (Ai, A) only in its diode state,. wherein the input terminal (E) of the first circuit breaker (18) is connected to the first constant voltage source (12), the output terminal (A) of the first circuit breaker (18) is connected to the output terminal (A) of the second circuit breaker (20) and the output terminal (A) of the second circuit breaker (20) is connected to the second constant voltage source (14).(Figure 1)
    公开号:SE1750026A1
    申请号:SE1750026
    申请日:2017-01-13
    公开日:2017-07-23
    发明作者:Wandres Steffen；MANDERY Dirk
    申请人:Eberspächer Controls Landau Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ON-BOARD ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE SPECIFICATION The present invention pertains to an on-board electrical system for a vehicle, in which a great variety of consumers of electrical energy can be supplied.
    An electronic circuit breaker for an on-board electrical system of a motor vehicle, which isswitched between an [“einen“ on l. 8, p. 1 is a typo for "einem" - Tr.Ed.] energy storagedevice connected to an altemator and a starter and a second energy storage deviceconnected to the consumers of electrical energy in an on-board electrical system, is knownfrom EP 2 017 935 A2. This electronic circuit breaker has an input terminal connected tothe first energy storage device and an output terminal connected to the second energystorage device as well as a terminal for a control voltage and can establish, in principle, aconductive connection between the two energy storage devices or even between thealtemator and the electrical energy consumers. If load peaks occur, which lead to a greatvoltage drop in the area of the first energy storage device and hence to a current flow fromthe second energy storage device to the f1rst energy storage device, the circuit breaker isopened, so that a voltage drop is avoided in the area of the part of the on-board electricalsystem being supplied by the second energy storage device.
    Electrical energy consumers that may cause very high loads of the on-board electricalsystem during short time periods are increasingly used in modern vehicles. These are, forexample, the electric motors of electrical steering assist systems, which are used forautomatic parking operations. To make it possible to guarantee sufficient stability of thevoltage provided in the on-board electrical system even under such high loads on the on-board electrical system, for example, lithium ion batteries are used, which have a markedlylower intemal resistance than the lead storage batteries used conventionally. However,such lithium ion batteries have a poor cold start ability at comparatively low ambienttemperatures, so that it is necessary to also integrate lead storage batteries in such on-boardelectrical systems especially in order to guarantee reliable start characteristics as low temperatures as well.
    The parallel connection of lead storage batteries and lithium ion batteries is associated, inprinciple, with the problem that these batteries have different no-load voltages. The no-load voltage level of lithium ion batteries is, in general, above the no-load Voltage level oflead storage batteries. To compensate this and to avoid an excessive discharge of thelithium ion batteries as well as excessive charging of the lead storage batteries, a d.c.-d.c.converter may be inserted between these batteries in order to equalize the voltage levels ofthe two batteries. Such systems have limited performance capacity and are comparatively cost-intensive.
    The object of the present invention is to provide an on-board electrical system for a vehicle, which has a simple and operationally reliable configuration and offers reliable power supply.
    This object is accomplished according to the present invention by an on-board electrical system for a vehicle, comprising: - a first rechargeable constant voltage source, - a second rechargeable constant voltage source, - a circuit breaker device connected between the first constant voltage source and thesecond constant voltage source with a first circuit breaker and with a second circuitbreaker, wherein each circuit breaker permits the flow of current between its inputterminal and its output terminal in both directions and perrnits the flow of currentonly from the input terminal to the output terminal in its diode state, wherein the input terminal of the f1rst circuit breaker is connected to the first constant voltage source, the output terminal of the first circuit breaker is connected to the output terminal of the second circuit breaker and the output terminal of the second circuit breaker is connected to the second constant voltage source.
    The use of two circuit breakers, which can be switched over each between a conductor stateand a diode state, makes it possible to couple the two constant voltage sources into the on-board electrical system and to connect it to other system areas of the on-board electricalsystem in a great variety of operating states such that reliable supply of electrical energy consumers is guaranteed even at a high load and at low ambient temperatures, on the one hand, but a mutually harrnful interaction of the two constant Voltage sources is aVoided, onthe other hand.
    To make it possible to provide a reliable cold start ability in the on-board electrical system,it is proposed that the first constant Voltage source be a lead storage battery. Further, it isproposed, to stabilize the on-board electrical system especially at high load, that the second constant Voltage source be a lithium ion battery.
    To make it possible to use the first constant Voltage source, which is preferably configuredas a lead storage battery in the starting operation for supplying a starter withoutdisadVantageous interaction with the second constant Voltage source or with differentconsumers, it is proposed that the starter be connected to the first constant Voltage source and to the input terminal of the first circuit breaker.
    ProVisions may be made in a Variant that is especially adVantageous for the reliability ofoperation of the on-board electrical system according to the present inVention for analtemator to be connected to the output terminal of the first circuit breaker and to the outputterminal of the second circuit breaker. Further, proVisions are adVantageously made nowfor a first group of electrical energy consumers to be connected to the output terminal of thefirst circuit breaker and to the output terminal of the second circuit breaker. This firstgroup of electrical energy consumers may comprise, for example, safety-relevant systemsof a Vehicle, for example, a brake system. It is guaranteed due to the integration of theseconsumers in the on-board electrical system according to the present inVention that these can be supplied by both the two constant Voltage sources and the altemator.
    A second group of electrical energy consumers may be connected to the second constantVoltage source and to the input terminal of the second circuit breaker. This second group ofelectrical energy consumers may comprise consumers that cause a high load on the on- board electrical system due to high operating currents during the operation.
    To make it possible to switch the two circuit breakers between their two operating states,i.e., the conductor state and the diode state, an actuating deVice may be provided, which is configured - to switch the first circuit breaker into its diode state in a starter operatingstate for starting an internal combustion engine, or/and - to switch the f1rst circuit breaker into its diode state in a parking operatingstate, or/and - to switch the first circuit breaker into its conductor state in a chargingoperating state for the first constant voltage source and to switch the secondcircuit breaker into its diode state, or/and - to switch the f1rst circuit breaker into its diode state when the first constantvoltage source reaches a predeterrnined state of charge, or/and - to switch the second circuit breaker into its diode state when the voltage onthe output terrninal of the f1rst circuit breaker or/ and on the output terrninalof the second circuit breaker or/and on the input terminal of the secondcircuit breaker drops below a predeterrnined threshold voltage, or/ and - to switch the f1rst circuit breaker into its diode state and the second circuit breaker into its conductor state in a power supply operating state.
    The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to Figure 1, whichshows the configuration of an on-board electrical system for a vehicle with two rechargeable constant voltage sources and with a plurality of electrical energy consumers.
    The on-board electrical system shown in Figure 1 comprises as essential components a firstrechargeable constant voltage source 10 [sic - 12 - Tr.Ed.], conf1gured, for example, as alead storage battery, and a second rechargeable constant voltage source 14, conf1gured, forexample, as a lithium ion battery. The on-board electrical system 10 further comprises acircuit breaker device 16, which is inserted between the two constant voltage sources 12, 14, especially the two + poles thereof.
    The circuit breaker device 16 comprises two circuit breakers 18, 20, which may have, e.g.,the configuration of the electronic circuit breakers known from, e.g., EP 2 017 935 A2.Such circuit breakers are commercially available from the applicant under the trade name Qdiode (quasi diode). The configuration and the functionality of each of these two circuitbreakers 18, 20 can be described, in principle, such that each has a respective input terminalE1 and Eg and a respective output terminal A1 and A2. Further, each of the circuit breakers 18, 20 has a respective control terminal S1 and S2, via which a control voltage provided by an actuating device 22 can be applied. The two circuit breakers 18, 20 can thus be switchedbetween a diode state and a conductor state by applying a corresponding control voltage tothe respective control terminal S1 and S2. The circuit breakers 18, 20 behave essentially asideal diodes in the diode state, i.e., they perrnit the flow of current from the respective inputterminal E1 and E2 to the respective output terminal A1 and A2 only, assuming acorresponding potential difference between the respective input terminal and respectiveoutput terminal. The circuit breakers 18, 20 behave essentially as conventional low-ohmicelectrical conductors in the conductor state, i.e., they permit the flow of current in bothdirections between the input terminal E1, E2 and the output terminal A1, A2, again assuming a corresponding potential difference.
    Figure 1 shows that the first circuit breaker 18 in the circuit breaker device 16 is connectedby its input terminal E1 to the first constant voltage source 12 or the + pole thereof. Thesecond circuit breaker 20 is likewise connected by its input terminal E2 to the secondconstant voltage source 14 or the + pole thereof. The two output terminals A1 and A2 of thecircuit breakers 18, 20 are connected to one another at a connection node 26. A preferablycontrollable or regulatable alternator 28 is also connected to this connection node 26 of thecircuit breaker device 16. The altemator 28 is configured to generate a voltage, whoselevel can be regulated, and to apply same to the nodal point 26 during the operation of an intemal combustion engine or in the energy recovery operation.
    Further, a first group G1 of electrical energy consumers V is connected to the nodal point26 of the circuit breaker device 16. This first group G1 also includes consumers, whosecorrect functionality is relevant for safety. For example, these consumers may include thebrake system of a vehicle. Other electrical energy consumers., e. g., control devices and the like, may also be assigned to this first group G1.
    A second group G2 of electrical energy consumers V is connected to the input terminal E2of the second circuit breaker 20 and hence also to the second constant voltage source 14,especially to the + pole thereof. The consumers V of the second group G2 are preferablyconsumers that generate a high load on the on-board electrical system 10 during theoperation. These may be, for example, drive motors for an electrical steering assist system, a pressure pump, a vacuum pump or the like.
    A starter 30 to be used to start an internal combustion engine is connected to the inputterminal E1 of the first circuit breaker 18 and hence also to the first constant Voltage source 12 or the + pole thereof via a sWitch 32 associated With said starter.
    The actuating device 22 receives, among other things, information on the state of charge ofthe tWo constant voltage sources 12, 14. Further, the actuating device 22 is provided andconfigured for applying the control voltage to be applied for sWitching over the circuitbreakers 18, 20 to the respective control terrninals S1 and S2. For example, the actuatingdevice 22 may be structurally or/and functionally at least partially integrated in an enginecontrol device and may be netWorked With other system areas of a vehicle providing information relevant for the operation via a data bank system.
    The on-board electrical system shoWn in Figure 1 makes it possible to guarantee reliableoperation in different operating states due to the functionality and the manner of integrationof the tWo circuit breakers 18, 20, on the one hand, and to avoid a disadvantageous mutualinfluence of the tWo constant voltage sources 12, 14 on one another, on the other hand,especially if these are configured as a lead storage battery, on the one hand, and as a lithiumion battery, on the other hand. This Will be explained beloW With reference to different operating states occurring in a vehicle or in such an on-board electrical system 10.
    In a start operating state, i.e., for starting an internal combustion engine, the first circuitbreaker 18 is sWitched by corresponding actuation by means of the actuating device 20 intoits diode state. The switch 32 can be closed and the starter 32 can thus be operated forstarting an internal combustion engine. A floW of current from the first constant voltagesource 12, i.e., for example, a lead storage battery, to the second constant voltage source 14,i.e., for example, a lithium ion battery, is not possible in this state, even if the second circuitbreaker 20 is being operated in its diode state. On the other hand, the second constantvoltage source 14 is uncoupled by the first circuit breaker 18 being operated in the diodestate from the first constant voltage source 12 and hence also from the starter 32, so that itis guaranteed that the starter 32 is supplied exclusively from the first constant voltagesource 12 in this starter operating state. The consumers V of the two groups G1, G2, Whichconsumers are present in the on-board electrical system 10, are supplied directly by thesecond constant voltage source 14 in case of group G2, if these consumers are to be operated at all in the starter operating mode, and they are supplied by the second constant Voltage source 14, optionally already also by the altemator 28 Via the nodal point 26 in case of group G1 Via the second circuit breaker 20 being operated in the diode state.
    The f1rst circuit breaker 18 is adVantageously also in its diode state in a parking operatingstate, i.e., with the internal combustion engine not operating and with the Vehicle parked.The f1rst constant Voltage source 12 can thus be uncoupled from the rest of the system areaof the on-board electrical system 10, and this [first constant Voltage source 12] can bepreVented from being oVerloaded by leakage current from the second constant Voltage source 14 or from being loaded by the no-load current.
    The first circuit breaker 18 is in its conductor state in a charging operating state for the f1rstconstant Voltage source 12, i.e., for example, during the operation or in the driVe mode of aVehicle, so that the first constant Voltage source 12 can be charged by means of thecharging Voltage generated by the altemator 28. Since this charging Voltage is present atthe nodal point 26, the consumers V of the f1rst group G1 can also be supplied by thealtemator 28. The consumers V of the second group G2 are supplied exclusiVely from thesecond constant Voltage source 14 in this state, in which the second circuit breaker 20 is preferably in its diode state.
    If the first constant Voltage source 12 reaches a suff1cient, predetermined state of charge ora predeterrnined charging Voltage, the f1rst circuit breaker 18 is switched into its diode state.Further charging by the altemator 28 is no longer possible thereafter because the f1rstcircuit breaker 18 is also now switched as a diode, i.e., as a blocking switch. HoweVer, thealtemator 28 preferably continues to be operated such that it provides a supply Voltagepresent at the nodal point 26 especially for the consumers V of the f1rst group G1. Thesecond circuit breaker 20 is preferably switched into its conductor state in this normalpower supply operating state, as it may occur during the normal traVel of a Vehicle. Thismakes it possible to charge the second constant Voltage source 14 by the altemator 28 ifnecessary. Further, both constant Voltage sources 12, 14 and the altemator 28 may act in this state as a power supply for the different consumers V of the two groups G1, G2.
    Connecting the first group G1, which especially also includes safety-relevant consumers V,in the nodal point 26 to the two output terrninals A1, A2 of the circuit breakers 18, 20 is especially adVantageous in the on-board electrical system 10 shown in Figure 1. Since the altemator 28 is also connected to this area, it is thus guaranteed that each of the threeavailable power sources, namely, the two power sources 12, 14 and the alternator 28, canbe used to supply these consumers V of the first group G1, doing so independently from theswitching state of the two circuit breakers 18, 20. Consequently, should an error occur inthe switching characteristics or in the actuation of the two circuit breakers 8, 20, this cannotcause one of the power sources not to be able to be used any more for supplying the consumers V ofthe first group G [sic - G1 ~ Tr.Ed.].
    The above-described configuration of the on-board electrical system makes it possible,especially due to the use of the two circuit breakers and due to the functionality of thesecircuit breakers, to supply the different electrical energy consumers present in a vehicle andcoupled with the on-board electrical system by means of the different power sourcesavailable in an optimal manner with a comparatively simple and cost-effectiveconfiguration. The available voltage can thus be prevented from dropping excessively incase of high load on the on-board electrical system due to the consumers, because thesecond constant voltage source, preferably conf1gured as a lithium ion battery, ensuresstabilization of the on-board electrical system at high load. Due to the first constant voltagesource, preferably conf1gured as a lead storage battery, being connected to the stator, it isguaranteed that an intemal combustion engine can also be started under unfavorableclimatic conditions without loading the second constant voltage source. The couplingtogether of all three constant voltage sources via the two circuit breakers of the circuitbreaker device guarantees that especially safety-relevant electrical energy consumers can be supplied at any time at least by one of the power sources.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1] 1. CLAl1/IS On-board electrical system for a vehicle, comprising: - a first rechargeable constant Voltage source (12), - a second rechargeable constant Voltage source (14), - a circuit breaker device (16) inserted between the first constant Voltagesource (12) and the second constant Voltage source (14) With a first circuitbreaker (18) and With a second circuit breaker (20), Wherein each circuitbreaker (18, 20) perrnits the floW of current between its input terminal (E1,E2) and its output terrninal (A1, A2) in a conductor state and permits the floWof current from the input terrninal (E1, E2) to the output terrninal (A1, A2)only in its diode state, Wherein the input terminal (E1) of the first circuit breaker (18) is connected to the first constant Voltage source (12), the output terminal (A1) of the first circuit breaker (18) is connected to the output terminal (A2) of the second circuit breaker (20), and the output terminal (A2) of the second circuit breaker (20) is connected to the second constant Voltage source (14). On-board electrical system in accordance With claim 1, characterized in that the firstconstant Voltage source (12) is a lead storage battery, or/and the second constant Voltage source (14) is a lithium ion battery. On-board electrical system in accordance With claim 1 or 2, characterized in that astarter (32) is connected to the first constant Voltage source (12) and to the inputterminal (E1) of the first circuit breaker (18). On-board electrical system in accordance With one of the claims 1-3, characterizedin that an altemator (28) is connected to the output terminal (A1) of the first circuitbreaker (18) and to the output terminal (A2) of the second circuit breaker (20). On-board electrical system in accordance With one of the claims 1-4, characterizedin that a first group (G1) of electrical energy consumers (V) is connected to theoutput terminal (A1) of the first circuit breaker (18) and to the output terminal (A2)of the second circuit breaker (20). On-board electrical system in accordance with one of the claims 1-5, characterized in that a second group (G2) of electrical energy consumers (V) is connected to the second constant Voltage source (14) and to the input terrninal (E1) of the secondcircuit breaker (20). On-board electrical system in one of the claims 1-6, characterized in that an actuating deVice (22) is proVided for switching oVer the first circuit breaker (18) and the second circuit breaker (20) between the conductor state and the diode state, said actuating device (22) being configured to switch the first circuit breaker (18) into the diode state thereof in a starteroperating state for starting an internal combustion engine, or/ and to switch the first circuit breaker (18) into the diode state thereof in aparking operating state, or/and to switch the first circuit breaker (18) into the conductor state thereof and thesecond circuit breaker (20) into the diode state thereof in a chargingoperating state for the first constant Voltage source (12), or/ and to switch the first circuit breaker (18) into the diode state thereof when thefirst constant Voltage source (12) reaches a predeterrnined state of charge,or/and to switch the second circuit breaker (20) into the diode state thereof whenthe Voltage on the output terrninal (A2) of the second circuit breaker (20)or/and on the input terrninal (Eg) of the second circuit breaker (20) dropsbelow a predeterrnined threshold Voltage, or/and to switch the first circuit breaker (18) into the diode state thereof and thesecond circuit breaker (20) into the conductor state thereof in a power supply operating state.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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